KAPSARC’s Energy Dialogue 2016 delivered rich insights and thoughtful discussion about the rapid transitions underway in an area of national and global importance. The 300 participants included high-level officials, leading researchers, policy strategists, and industry player, representing diverse branches of the energy sector from the Kingdom and the rest of the world, This Summary Report follows the format of the Energy Dialogue, comprising five Plenary Sessions and 12 extended Roundtable Discussions.