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      Cost‒Benefit Analysis for Petrochemical Projects
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Cost‒Benefit Analysis for Petrochemical Projects

      Philipp Galkin, Dongmei Chen, Colin Ward

      Cost‒benefit analysis (CBA) has been used to assess investment projects for decades with the aim of quantifying their externalities and potential impacts on social welfare. However, the domain where CBA is applied has been primarily limited to direct public financing…

      Philipp Galkin Galkin, Philipp
      Dongmei Chen Chen, Dongmei
      Colin Ward Ward, Colin
      14th May 2023
      Methane Emissions Baseline Forecasts for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Methane Emissions Baseline Forecasts for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics

      Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

      Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is key to near-term efforts to limit global warming. CH4 is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The production, transport, and consumption of fossil fuels, in addition…

      Anwar Gasim Gasim, Anwar
      Lester C. Hunt Hunt, Lester C.
      Jeyhun Mikayilov Mikayilov, Jeyhun
      14th May 2023
      Baseline Forecasts of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Baseline Forecasts of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics

      Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

      To tackle the threat of climate change, countries worldwide have signed the Paris Agreement. This agreement aims to limit the global average temperature increase to below 2 degrees Celsius and potentially below 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels (UNFCCC 2015). Parties…

      Anwar Gasim Gasim, Anwar
      Lester C. Hunt Hunt, Lester C.
      Jeyhun Mikayilov Mikayilov, Jeyhun
      11th May 2023
      The Rebound Effect in Residential Energy Demand: The Case of Saudi Arabia
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      The Rebound Effect in Residential Energy Demand: The Case of Saudi Arabia

      Mohammad Aldubyan, Fateh Belaïd, Anwar Gasim

      A Bird’s-Eye View of the Rebound Effect Although the rebound effect phenomenon has sparked heightened policy and academic debate in recent years, the topic is not new. The concept of rebound – and its extreme form, “backfire”, where energy efficiency…

      Mohammad Aldubyan Aldubyan, Mohammad
      Fateh Belaïd Belaïd, Fateh
      Anwar Gasim Gasim, Anwar
      8th May 2023
      Saudi-China Collaboration on Renewable Energy Supply Chains
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Saudi-China Collaboration on Renewable Energy Supply Chains

      Many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have reinforced their interest in enhancing domestic value creation from renewable energy industries while striving to achieve their green energy transition targets. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has identified…

      21st March 2023
      Saudis in the Private Sector: Women Leading the Way
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Saudis in the Private Sector: Women Leading the Way

      Cian Mulligan

      In Q3 2018, 30% of Saudi employment was in the private sector, and by Q1 2022 this had increased to 46%. A major driver of this increase was the comparative outperformance of Saudi women, of whom over 60% now work…

      Cian Mulligan Mulligan, Cian
      7th December 2022
      Balancing China’s Energy Security and Its Transition to Carbon Neutrality
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Balancing China’s Energy Security and Its Transition to Carbon Neutrality

      Dongmei Chen, Mari Luomi

      At the United Nations (UN) General Assembly’s seventy-fifth session held on September 20, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged that China would reach peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This is seen as a significant…

      Dongmei Chen Chen, Dongmei
      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      10th April 2022
      Role of Energy Efficiency in Designing Carbon-neutral Residential Communities: Case Study of Saudi Arabia
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Role of Energy Efficiency in Designing Carbon-neutral Residential Communities: Case Study of Saudi Arabia

      Moncef Krarti, Mohammad Aldubyan

      This study focuses on the impact of improving the energy efficiency of housing units on the design of carbon-neutral grid-connected residential communities in Saudi Arabia. Particularly, it examines the efficacy of both photovoltaic systems and wind turbines as on-site renewable…

      Moncef Krarti Krarti, Moncef
      Mohammad Aldubyan Aldubyan, Mohammad
      3rd April 2022
      The Role of Building Energy Efficiency in Shaping the Energy Transition in Saudi Arabia: Key challenges and initiatives
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      The Role of Building Energy Efficiency in Shaping the Energy Transition in Saudi Arabia: Key challenges and initiatives

      Fateh Belaïd, Mohammad Aldubyan

      This commentary discusses a crucial topic that has emerged in the policy and economic literature in recent years: the potential role of energy efficiency in the current energy transition. It provides a straightforward analysis of the prominent role that residential…

      Fateh Belaïd Belaïd, Fateh
      Mohammad Aldubyan Aldubyan, Mohammad
      8th February 2022
      What Drove Saudi Arabia’s 2020 Fall in CO2 Emissions?
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      What Drove Saudi Arabia’s 2020 Fall in CO2 Emissions?

      Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

      In June 2021, the energy data provider Enerdata released its initial estimates for Saudi Arabia’s 2020 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The data indicate that the Kingdom’s CO2 emissions from fuel combustion decreased by 3.3%, from 508.3 million tonnes of CO2…

      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      Jan Frederik Braun Braun, Jan Frederik
      Anwar Gasim Gasim, Anwar
      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      29th December 2021
      Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand

      Moncef Krarti, Mohammad Aldubyan

      This paper describes an optimization-based approach to evaluate measures providing peak electricity demand reduction cost benefits for Saudi residential buildings. These measures can be categorized as energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) measures. Specifically, this paper models the existing…

      Moncef Krarti Krarti, Moncef
      Mohammad Aldubyan Aldubyan, Mohammad
      22nd December 2021
      Building Back Better in Saudi Arabia With Energy Efficiency
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Building Back Better in Saudi Arabia With Energy Efficiency

      Nicholas Howarth, Moncef Krarti, Thamir Al Shehri, Eric Williams, Mohammad Aldubyan, Jan Frederik Braun, Elizabeth Carey

      The first priority for governments in managing the COVID-19 crisis is the health of their citizens. However, the implementation of restrictions on activity necessary for limiting the spread of the disease has caused the greatest global recession since the Great…

      Nicholas Howarth Howarth, Nicholas
      Moncef Krarti Krarti, Moncef
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      Eric Williams Williams, Eric
      Mohammad Aldubyan Aldubyan, Mohammad
      Jan Frederik Braun Braun, Jan Frederik
      Elizabeth Carey Carey, Elizabeth
      5th October 2021
      Measuring to Manage: The Case for Improving CO2 Monitoring and Reporting in Saudi Arabia
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Measuring to Manage: The Case for Improving CO2 Monitoring and Reporting in Saudi Arabia

      Mari Luomi, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

      To support the transition to a circular carbon economy, there is an urgent need to develop robust domestic systems of carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) monitoring and reporting in the Kingdom. Such systems provide the essential evidence…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      Nicholas Howarth Howarth, Nicholas
      13th July 2021
      The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

      The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      Nicholas Howarth Howarth, Nicholas
      28th June 2021
      Economic Diversification Under Saudi Vision 2030
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      Economic Diversification Under Saudi Vision 2030

      David Havrlant, Abdulelah Darandary

      The last decade has brought a row of substantial changes that have profound implications for the hydrocarbon resource-rich economies. The general answer to a changing environment is: Adapt! From the macroeconomic perspective, this means diversifying the economy to broaden the…

      David Havrlant Havrlant, David
      Abdulelah Darandary Darandary, Abdulelah
      14th April 2021
      The RCEP and its Potential Impact on Saudi Regional Exports
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      The RCEP and its Potential Impact on Saudi Regional Exports

      Philipp Galkin, Dongmei Chen

      On November 15, 2020, 10 Southeast Asian economies, joined by Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea, formed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) – the world’s largest trading bloc, representing about a third of the global economy (BBC…

      Philipp Galkin Galkin, Philipp
      Dongmei Chen Chen, Dongmei
      30th March 2021
      The Future of the Petrochemicals Industry and Sino-Saudi Cooperation
      Productivity and Economic Diversification

      The Future of the Petrochemicals Industry and Sino-Saudi Cooperation

      The Covid-19 pandemic and the responses to it have had a pronounced impact on the global economy. Major consuming sectors for petrochemicals, including cars and appliances, construction and textiles, have suffered a slump in demand. The production outputs of petrochemicals…

      14th February 2021