This project examines the competitiveness of producing green hydrogen (H₂) in Saudi Arabia and Germany using a power-to-carrier (P2X) model in PLEXOS for 2030 and beyond. By optimizing electrolyzer technologies, capacity, and carbon-free energy mixes on an hourly basis, the research finds that investment needs in Saudi Arabia are around 25% lower than wind-based hydrogen production in Germany. Results show that alkaline electrolyzers dominate due to cost advantages, while the model favors energy dumping over battery storage. Across 16 scenarios, the levelized cost of hydrogen in Saudi Arabia is estimated at $2.34–3.08/kg, compared with $3.06–3.69/kg in Germany. Even after adding shipment costs of roughly $1/kg, green hydrogen can still be competitively delivered from Saudi Arabia to Germany.
