Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDRs) involve capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for decades to millennia on land, in the ocean, in geological formations or in products. Innovation in CDR has expanded substantially, exemplified by RD&D, in patents and capacity investment. CDR has been subject of increasing public attention, and the peer-reviewed scientific literature now consists of over 28,000 English-language studies, growing at a faster rate than for climate change as a whole. The majority of current carbon removals (99.9%, equivalent to 2 GtCO₂ /y) comes from conventional afforestation and reforestation and a small fraction of less that 0.1% (0.002 GT CO2/y) is attributed to novel CDR methods. Examples of novel CDRs include Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), biochar, and Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS).
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