The power sector is navigating a complex transition, characterized by rising energy demand, ambitious renewable energy targets, and evolving regulatory environments. The single-buyer market model plays a notable role in the GCC region, introducing unique dynamics in fostering private sector participation, integrating renewables, and maintaining affordability and reliability. Additionally, competitive electricity markets have faced significant challenges – particularly managing intermittency of renewable energy sources and price volatility in many markets. These issues highlight the need for adaptive market designs and regulatory frameworks to ensure efficient and reliable power sector operations.