Saudi Arabia, a global leader in fossil fuel production, faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while reducing carbon emissions. This study evaluates emerging COâ‚‚ utilization pathways to support Vision 2030 sustainability goals and the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) framework. Using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, supported by an intensive literature review, the research ranks emerging COâ‚‚ utilization technologies based on technical maturity, scalability, economic feasibility, carbon sequestration potential, and policy alignment to identify high-impact solutions for emissions reduction and carbon dioxide removal (CDR).
