Hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) deployment is growing globally, and while wholesale markets provide continuous price signals for these assets, single-buyer regimes do so only through tenders or auctions, requiring clearly defined products. This study develops a cost-recovery benchmark using an hourly dispatch model of 60 hybrid PV+BESS configurations and a deliverability test that converts installed battery power into payable accredited capacity.
