Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), also known as renewable diesel, has emerged as a promising low-carbon alternative to conventional diesel, offering substantial life-cycle greenhouse gas emission reductions and compatibility with existing fuel infrastructure (for most vehicles, no engine modification is required to use 100% pure HVO fuel or blends with conventional diesel). This paper examines the role of HVO within the broader biofuels landscape, focusing on its environmental performance, supply chain structure, and market dynamics.
