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      Impacts of Global Climate Policies on Middle Eastern Oil Exporters: A Review of Economic Implications and Mitigation Strategies
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Impacts of Global Climate Policies on Middle Eastern Oil Exporters: A Review of Economic Implications and Mitigation Strategies

      Salaheddine Soummane, Aisha Al-Sarihi

      Climate policies are tightening in an effort to curb carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, global oil demand may peak and gradually decline, causing oil prices to fall. A structural fall in oil prices may have serious implications for Middle…

      Salaheddine Soummane Soummane, Salaheddine
      Aisha Al-Sarihi Al-Sarihi, Aisha
      21st March 2023
      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

      The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      5th March 2023
      Implementing Circular Carbon Economies in the Gulf and Beyond
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Implementing Circular Carbon Economies in the Gulf and Beyond

      The circular carbon economy (CCE) is an energy transition framework that is based on a holistic, technology-neutral and country context-sensitive approach to achieving net-zero emissions. It embraces all available technologies and tools, from renewable energy to carbon capture and storage…

      5th March 2023
      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

      The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      10th November 2022
      Digital Transformation in the Context of the Energy Transition
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Digital Transformation in the Context of the Energy Transition

      For decades, the oil and gas industry has delivered the world with the best value proposition in the forms of reliable, affordable, safe energy supplies. As global population projections soar, demand for all forms of energy is also set to…

      18th September 2022
      Digital Transformation in the Oil and Gas Industry: Hype or Hope?
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Digital Transformation in the Oil and Gas Industry: Hype or Hope?

      Majed A. Al Suwailem, Abdelghani Henni

      For decades, the oil and gas (O&G) industry has provided the globe with the best value proposition in the form of reliable, affordable, and safe energy supplies. As global population projections soar, demand for all forms of energy is also set to rise,…

      Majed A. Al Suwailem Al Suwailem, Majed A.
      Abdelghani Henni Abdelghani Henni
      11th September 2022
      The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

      Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      14th June 2022
      Plastics in the Circular Carbon Economy
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Plastics in the Circular Carbon Economy

      Plastics are a critical category in the chemicals value chain and have helped shape the modern economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of plastics in people’s lives. Throughout the international community, the demand for plastic has surged during…

      28th March 2022
      Potential implications of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Potential implications of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

      Bertrand Rioux, Dongmei Chen

      From 2023 onward, the European Union’s (EU’s) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will require importers to declare the embedded carbon emissions of electricity, iron, steel, aluminum, cement and fertilizers. The CBAM will ultimately transition into a carbon import tax, with…

      Bertrand Rioux Rioux, Bertrand
      Dongmei Chen Chen, Dongmei
      22nd March 2022
      COP 26 Outcomes and Opportunities for Saudi Arabia and Other Arab Countries
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      COP 26 Outcomes and Opportunities for Saudi Arabia and Other Arab Countries

      Mari Luomi

      The 2021 Glasgow Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 26, took place at a difficult juncture. Countries are still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences. The concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere continue to…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      13th February 2022
      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

      There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      29th December 2021
      The Implications of Soaring Gas and Coal Prices on Europe’s Energy Poverty Trap
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Implications of Soaring Gas and Coal Prices on Europe’s Energy Poverty Trap

      Fateh Belaïd

      With the recovery of the world economy following the easing of restrictions designed to contain COVID-19, energy demand has surged even as natural gas stocks were dangerously low. This triggered one of the first significant energy shocks of the green…

      Fateh Belaïd Belaïd, Fateh
      15th December 2021
      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Methodology
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Methodology

      Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

      The Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCE Index) aims to measure countries’ progress in and potential for achieving circular carbon economies (CCEs). The CCE Index is based on two sub-indices: one for measuring countries’ current performance in the various dimensions of…

      Mari Luomi Luomi, Mari
      Fatih Yılmaz Yılmaz, Fatih
      Thamir Al Shehri Al Shehri, Thamir
      2nd November 2021
      Countries’ Progress and Enablers for Circular Carbon Economies
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Countries’ Progress and Enablers for Circular Carbon Economies

      The circular carbon economy (CCE) is a new concept, developed in detail by Saudi scholars and stakeholders since 2019 and promoted via Saudi Arabia’s Group of Twenty (G20) presidency in 2020. The CCE is conceptualized as an economy in which…

      5th October 2021
      Supply-side Climate Policy for Crude Oil Producers
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Supply-side Climate Policy for Crude Oil Producers

      Paul Zakkour, Wolfgang Heidug

      This paper considers the potential for supply-side climate policy to increase climate action, with a focus on crude oil producers and exporting countries. To date, supply-side policies have not been widely used in efforts to tackle climate change, and the…

      Paul Zakkour Zakkour, Paul
      Wolfgang Heidug Heidug, Wolfgang
      21st September 2020
      Green Growth Pathways for Saudi Arabia
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Green Growth Pathways for Saudi Arabia

      Green growth emphasizes that positive environmental outcomes can be consistent with economic prosperity and that greater social wellbeing can be achieved through ‘less use, more value’ policies.

      6th April 2020
      Is Saudi Arabia Getting Warmer?
      Electricity Sector Transitions Climate Change Policies and Governance Models, Data and Tools

      Is Saudi Arabia Getting Warmer?

      Nawaz Peerbocus, Hatem Al Atawi, Turki Alaqeel, Abdulrahman AlJulaifi

      According to NASA, the world is getting warmer. Warmer weather increases the demand for cooling, which subsequently increases the demand for electricity. Is Saudi Arabia getting warmer? And how might this impact the demand for electricity in the Kingdom? To…

      Nawaz Peerbocus Peerbocus, Nawaz
      Hatem Al Atawi Al Atawi, Hatem
      Turki Alaqeel Alaqeel, Turki
      Abdulrahman AlJulaifi AlJulaifi, Abdulrahman
      6th April 2020
      The Relentless Politics of Climate Change: The Paris Agreement
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Relentless Politics of Climate Change: The Paris Agreement

      Saleh Al Muhanna, AlJawhara Al Quayid, Nourah Al Hosain

      The Paris Agreement entered into force in November 2016 and, to date, 187 parties have ratified it (UFCCC). The Agreement’s goal is to limit the increase in global temperature to 2 degrees Celsius (°C) above] pre-industrial levels. The Agreement established…

      Saleh Al Muhanna Al Muhanna, Saleh
      AlJawhara Al Quayid Al Quayid, AlJawhara
      Nourah Al Hosain Al Hosain, Nourah
      19th March 2020
      Finding a Viable Path to Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      Finding a Viable Path to Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

      Keigo Akimoto, Jun Arima, Mustafa Babiker, Mark Caine, David Hobbs, Eija-Riitta Korhola, Adam Sieminski, Nico Stehr, Hiroyuki Tezuka, Masakazu Toyoda, Eric Williams

      A viable, least-cost pathway to a low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions future must lie within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement. The rulebook for the Agreement was in many ways rewritten at the 2018 United…

      Keigo Akimoto Keigo Akimoto
      Jun Arima Jun Arima
      Mustafa Babiker Babiker, Mustafa
      Mark Caine Mark Caine
      David Hobbs Hobbs, David
      Eija-Riitta Korhola Eija-Riitta Korhola
      Adam Sieminski Adam Sieminski
      Nico Stehr Nico Stehr
      Hiroyuki Tezuka Hiroyuki Tezuka
      Masakazu Toyoda Masakazu Toyoda
      Eric Williams Williams, Eric
      29th August 2019
      The Political Feasibility of Enhancing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets in the European Union’s Mid-Century Strategy
      Climate Change Policies and Governance

      The Political Feasibility of Enhancing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets in the European Union’s Mid-Century Strategy

      AlJawhara Al Quayid, Saleh Al Muhanna, Paul Mollet

      Article 4.19 of the 2015 Paris Agreement calls on signatories to formulate and communicate “long-term low greenhouse gas development strategies,” widely known as the mid-century strategy (MCS). Any enhancement of the European Union’s (EU’s) targets in its MCS depends on…

      AlJawhara Al Quayid Al Quayid, AlJawhara
      Saleh Al Muhanna Al Muhanna, Saleh
      Paul Mollet Mollet, Paul
      22nd August 2019