Publications

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Saudi Arabia’s Climate Change Policy and the Circular Carbon Economy Approach

Taylor & Francis

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Mari Luomi

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

What Drove Saudi Arabia’s 2020 Fall in CO2 Emissions?

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

In June 2021, the energy data provider Enerdata released its initial estimates for Saudi Arabia’s 2020 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The data indicate that the Kingdom’s CO2 emissions from fuel combustion decreased by 3.3%, from 508.3 million tonnes of CO2…

Al Shehri, Thamir

Braun, Jan Frederik

Gasim, Anwar

Luomi, Mari

How the Circular Carbon Economy Index Can Serve Policymaking: Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Index is a tool developed by KAPSARC for energy and climate policymakers and stakeholders to quantify and compare country performance and potential on the CCE. The CCE is a relatively new concept. It aims to…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Methodology

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCE Index) aims to measure countries’ progress in and potential for achieving circular carbon economies (CCEs). The CCE Index is based on two sub-indices: one for measuring countries’ current performance in the various dimensions of…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Building Back Better in Saudi Arabia With Energy Efficiency

Nicholas Howarth, Moncef Krarti, Thamir Al Shehri, Eric Williams, Mohammad Aldubyan, Jan Frederik Braun, Elizabeth Carey

The first priority for governments in managing the COVID-19 crisis is the health of their citizens. However, the implementation of restrictions on activity necessary for limiting the spread of the disease has caused the greatest global recession since the Great…

Howarth, Nicholas

Krarti, Moncef

Al Shehri, Thamir

Williams, Eric

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Braun, Jan Frederik

Carey, Elizabeth

Measuring to Manage: The Case for Improving CO2 Monitoring and Reporting in Saudi Arabia

Mari Luomi, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

To support the transition to a circular carbon economy, there is an urgent need to develop robust domestic systems of carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) monitoring and reporting in the Kingdom. Such systems provide the essential evidence…

Luomi, Mari

Al Shehri, Thamir

Howarth, Nicholas

Beyond Smart Meters

Shahid Hasan, Noura Mansouri, Thamir Al Shehri

Over the last two decades, many countries have installed millions of smart meters to improve the efficiency, reliability, and quality of service in the electric power sector. Compared with traditional meters, smart meters measure consumers’ electricity usage at 5- or…

Hasan, Shahid

Mansouri, Noura

Al Shehri, Thamir

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, Volume 4: Decision XXXI/7 – Continued Provision of Information on Energy-Efficient and Low Global Warming Potential Technologies

Thamir Al Shehri, EE Task Force, UNEP TEAP

In the context of accelerating climate change, cooling demand is also increasing rapidly. If unmanaged, this will result in a vicious circle, with increasing global warming through greater energy consumption combined with the use of higher GWP refrigerants. Addressing access…

Al Shehri, Thamir

EE Task Force

UNEP TEAP

The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Howarth, Nicholas

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Report of the TEAP, Volume 2 Decision XXXI/7 – Continued Provision of Information on Energy-Efficient and Low Global Warming Potential Technologies

Thamir Al Shehri, UNEP TEAP, EE Task Force

In the context of accelerating climate change, cooling demand is also increasing rapidly. If unmanaged, this will result in a vicious circle, with increasing global warming through greater energy consumption combined with the use of higher GWP refrigerants. Addressing access…

Al Shehri, Thamir

UNEP TEAP

EE Task Force

Saudi Arabia’s CO2 Emissions Steady in 2019 Ahead of Expected 2020 Fall Due to COVID-19

Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun

The 2019 data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have just been released ahead of an expected large fall in CO2 emissions in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. On June 3, Enerdata released its data for Saudi Arabia’s 2019…

Howarth, Nicholas

Lanza, Alessandro

Al Shehri, Thamir

Braun, Jan Frederik

Behavioral Aspects of Energy Transition: A KAPSARC-Energy Systems Catapult (ESC) Joint Methodological Report

Rolando Fuentes, Emre Hatipoglu, Thamir Al Shehri, Matt Lipson, Scott Milne, Simon Pearson

KAPSARC’s work on innovation in electricity transitions has focused on unbundling services in the electricity sector (KAPSARC 2016) and developing the microeconomic foundation for a reliability service. Our research has investigated the experiences of industries resembling the electric power sector…

Fuentes, Rolando

Hatipoglu, Emre

Al Shehri, Thamir

Lipson, Matt

Milne, Scott

Pearson, Simon

Saudi Arabia’s 2018 CO2 Emissions Fall Faster Than Expected

Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Thamir Al Shehri

The Instant Insight published on December 03, 2019 (KS–2019-II16) was based on data downloaded from the following sources: Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Database (www.enerdata.net), 9 September, 2019 Enerdata EnerDemand Database (www.enerdata.net), 9 September, 2019 Joint Organizations Data Initiative (JODI),…

Howarth, Nicholas

Lanza, Alessandro

Al Shehri, Thamir

Staying Cool in A Warming Climate: Temperature, Electricity and Air Conditioning in Saudi Arabia

MDPI

As global temperatures warm and populations and incomes rise, the demand for cooling will soar, creating a positive feedback loop between global warming and electricity-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study explores the relationship between temperature, electricity, air conditioning (AC)…

Nicholas Howarth, Natalia Odnoletkova, Thamir Al Shehri, Abdulla Almadani, Alessandro Lanza, Tadeusz Patzek

Enhancing Voluntary Collaboration on Cooling through the G20

T20

We propose that the Group of Twenty (G20) enhance voluntary collaboration on cooling. International cooperation for energy-efficient and sustainable cooling requires enhanced G20 joint leadership that strengthens existing initiatives, helps develop synergies, and addresses the new cooling challenges presented by…

Nicholas Howarth, Noura Al-Saud, Mashael Alshalan, Thamir Al Shehri, Moncef Krarti, Tadeusz Patzek, Natalia Odnoletkova, Maxime Beaugrand, Karan Mangotra, Yamina Saheb, Benoit Lebot

What is Behind the Recent Fall in Saudi Arabia’s CO2 Emissions?

Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Thamir Al Shehri

The International Energy Agency has recently released data showing that in 2018 Saudi Arabia’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions fell by 15 million tonnes of CO2 (MtCO2), or 2.7%, from 577 MtCO2 to 562 MtCO2. This is significant as it is…

Howarth, Nicholas

Lanza, Alessandro

Al Shehri, Thamir