Publications

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Saudi Arabia’s Climate Change Policy and the Circular Carbon Economy Approach

Taylor & Francis

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Mari Luomi

Balancing China’s Energy Security and Its Transition to Carbon Neutrality

Dongmei Chen, Mari Luomi

At the United Nations (UN) General Assembly’s seventy-fifth session held on September 20, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged that China would reach peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This is seen as a significant…

Chen, Dongmei

Luomi, Mari

COP 26 Outcomes and Opportunities for Saudi Arabia and Other Arab Countries

Mari Luomi

The 2021 Glasgow Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 26, took place at a difficult juncture. Countries are still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences. The concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere continue to…

Luomi, Mari

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

What Drove Saudi Arabia’s 2020 Fall in CO2 Emissions?

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

In June 2021, the energy data provider Enerdata released its initial estimates for Saudi Arabia’s 2020 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The data indicate that the Kingdom’s CO2 emissions from fuel combustion decreased by 3.3%, from 508.3 million tonnes of CO2…

Al Shehri, Thamir

Braun, Jan Frederik

Gasim, Anwar

Luomi, Mari

Oman’s Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)

Mari Luomi, Aisha Al-Sarihi

In July 2021, Oman submitted its second nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement on climate change (NDC). In the NDC, Oman pledges to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 7% relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario by 2030.…

Luomi, Mari

Al-Sarihi, Aisha

How the Circular Carbon Economy Index Can Serve Policymaking: Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Index is a tool developed by KAPSARC for energy and climate policymakers and stakeholders to quantify and compare country performance and potential on the CCE. The CCE is a relatively new concept. It aims to…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Methodology

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCE Index) aims to measure countries’ progress in and potential for achieving circular carbon economies (CCEs). The CCE Index is based on two sub-indices: one for measuring countries’ current performance in the various dimensions of…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Measuring to Manage: The Case for Improving CO2 Monitoring and Reporting in Saudi Arabia

Mari Luomi, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

To support the transition to a circular carbon economy, there is an urgent need to develop robust domestic systems of carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) monitoring and reporting in the Kingdom. Such systems provide the essential evidence…

Luomi, Mari

Al Shehri, Thamir

Howarth, Nicholas

The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri, Nicholas Howarth

The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Howarth, Nicholas

Reinforcing Global Climate Governance to Deliver Higher Ambition

T20

This policy brief outlines how the unique characteristics of the Group of 20 (G20), namely its limited membership, informality, and economic orientation, can be leveraged to promote climate action. We identify four ways in which the G20 can support multilateral…

Mari Luomi, Rishikesh Ram, Jennifer Allan

Covid-19 Recovery: How the G20 can Accelerate Sustainable Energy Transitions in the Power Sector by Supporting the Private Sector?

T20

COVID-19 has dramatically changed the socioeconomic context for clean energy transitions worldwide. Fiscal rescue and recovery measures that unaligned with a green, resilient, and just recovery will miss the historic opportunity to realign global economic and energy trajectories with the…

Yong Jun Baek, Mari Luomi, Tanzeed Alam, Alexander Gard-Murray, Chul Ju Kim, Jeffrey Logan, William Toor, Robert T. McGrath, Charles F. Kutscher, Nella Sri Hendriyetty, Timothy C. Coburn