Aviation is crucial for connecting people and countries worldwide. Although aviation carriers, manufacturers, and governments have all aimed to increase energy efficiency through significant technological advances over recent decades, this transport mode has struggled to find alternatives to fossil-based fuels. However, recent developments in low-carbon aviation fuel (LCAF), sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), hydrogen-based fuel, and electric power have improved the sustainability of the sector. As a result, a better understanding of the current use, future development, and new challenges of energy sources is essential for the future of the aviation industry.
