Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a central pillar of Saudi Arabia’s pathway to net zero under the circular carbon economy (CCE) framework. Energy-from-waste with carbon capture and storage (WECCS) provides an integrated route that links waste management with engineered removals, yet its role in the Kingdom’s strategy remains underexplored. This study evaluates the technical potential and the potential costs of WECCS in Saudi Arabia in 2030, focusing on plausible deployment pathways for municipal solid waste (MSW) and agricultural residues through incineration and anaerobic digestion (AD) with CO2 capture.
