This study evaluates the potential for CO2 utilization and recycling in Saudi Arabia’s petrochemical sector, with particular emphasis on its alignment with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and the broader framework of the circular carbon economy (CCE). It draws on published scientific literature and techno-economic studies, and integrates them with national data, stoichiometric estimation, and spatial clustering to identify practical CO2 utilization pathways for the Kingdom. The petrochemical industry represents both a cornerstone of the national economy and a major source of CO2 emissions, with an estimated 72.6 Mt released annually and approximately 61.7 Mt of CO2 per year available for utilization or storage, which makes it one of the priority sectors for decarbonization.
