An increase in freight activity across different modes of transport has resulted in an amplified policy focus on reducing the associated externalities of increased transportation energy consumption, pollution, and traffic congestion (especially for urban freight). Increased freight energy demand in growing economies has placed further significant pressure on policymakers to reduce associated oil demand by focusing on multimodality, digitization, the aggregation of freight, and intensifying the exploration of alternative fuels to diesel, the transport fuel of choice. However, a lack of policy coherence has meant that solutions are often implemented without recognizing the context of specific situations. The need for a detailed exploration of policy scenarios is especially critical as freight evolves, driven by multiple factors from economics to security.