• Program Climate & Sustainability Climate & Sustainability
  • Type Discussion paper
  • Date 01 June 2025
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Abstract

Equity is a cornerstone of international climate policy, yet operationalizing “fair” burden-sharing remains challenging. Here we present a comprehensive effort-sharing framework that systematically spans a broad spectrum of principles, rather than limiting analysis to a few discrete definitions, to allocate the remaining global mitigation burden. We integrate these diverse fairness criteria with varying regional mitigation rates and limits on negative emissions, thereby bridging the gap between committed and fair net-zero target years.

Authors

Puneet Kamboj

Lead- Climate & Sustainability Puneet is an lead in the Climate and Sustainability program. Currently, he is working on scenario analysis and deep decarbonization…

Puneet is an lead in the Climate and Sustainability program. Currently, he is working on scenario analysis and deep decarbonization pathways under the Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Partnership (CAMP) project at KAPSARC.

Before joining KAPSARC, he worked with Council on Energy, Environment and Water in India where he co-developed the tailored version of Global Change Analysis Model for India (GCAM-India). Prior to CEEW, he has worked with Brookings Institution (India Center) where he co-edited an anthology on the coal sector in India. Across the 18 chapters, drawing from leading experts in the field, the book examines all aspects of coal’s future in India. He has a rich portfolio of published papers, policy briefs and reports. As an independent scholar, he has been writing for the G20, and leading national newspapers. Puneet holds a Master of Technology in renewable energy from TERI University, New Delhi.

Expertise

  • Integrated Assessment Modelling
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Coal Transitions and Transport Economics

Publications See all Puneet Kamboj’s publications

Raphael Apeaning

Raphael Apeaning

Lead- Climate and Sustainability Raphael Apeaning is a Lead Researcher in the Climate and Sustainability Program at KAPSARC and an integrated assessment modeler with…

Raphael Apeaning is a Lead Researcher in the Climate and Sustainability Program at KAPSARC and an integrated assessment modeler with expertise in energy transition strategies and policy. Prior to joining KAPSARC, he was a researcher at the Institute for Responsible Carbon Removal in Washington, DC, where he contributed to expanding the portfolio of carbon dioxide removal technologies for climate modeling and to developing market mechanisms for negative emission technologies.

Mohamad Hejazi

Mohamad Hejazi

Executive Director- Climate & Sustainability Mohamad Hejazi is the executive director for the Climate and Sustainability Program at KAPSARC. He also leads the Climate Change…

Mohamad Hejazi is the executive director for the Climate and Sustainability Program at KAPSARC. He also leads the Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Partnership (CAMP) project, and his work focuses on climate change research, climate impacts and adaptation, climate mitigation, integrated assessment modeling, and energy-water-land nexus. Prior to joining KAPSARC, Mohamad worked as a senior research scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where he served as the principal investigator for the Global Change Intersectoral Modeling System project, a multi-million-dollar project that includes over 40 interdisciplinary researchers across many institutions. He has also led and contributed to projects with the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, US-AID, US-EPA, USGS, NASA, and NSF-INFEWS. Mohamad has authored over 100 journal publications, and he has also served as a contributing author to the Fourth U.S. National Climate Assessment, and the AR6 IPCC WG III report on the mitigation of climate change. Mohamad holds a B.S. and M.S. from the University of Maryland, College Park, and a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

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