Mulligan, Cian

11 August 2024

This paper offers the first estimate of employment in Saudi Arabia that can be linked to the energy transition. Using a task-based taxonomy devised by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics applied to detailed administrative data on Saudi workers, it is estimated that in 2022 a...

22 October 2023

This paper looks at the employment possibilities across the value chain of solar PV and onshore wind and, applying the unique characteristics of the Saudi labor force, investigates where localization mandates should target in order to optimize the benefits to the Saudi econom...  

22 November 2023

. Together, they have compiled a dataset aimed at elucidating how the prices of gasoline and diesel evolved during this three-year span and which factors played a more significant role in determining the prices. Presented at a country level on a monthly basis, the data facilitates th...

10 April 2025

To better measure job resilience, we use the Transition Risk Index (TRI), which combines sectoral carbon exposure, occupational adaptability, and labor market frictions. Between 2019 and 2022, Saudi Arabia’s TRI improved significantly. With the right policies—sh... Read Full Report Here

30 April 2023

As part of the strategic roadmap for Saudi Vision 2030, the Saudi Arabian government set a goal in 2017 to increase female participation in the workforce from 22% to 30%. This goal falls under objective 4, Increase Employment, of the Human Capability Development Program.

09 March 2023

In October 2022, Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD) issued a decision mandating the progressive localization of consultancy professions up to 40% by the end of March 2024. Such targeted localization (or Saudization) of specific professions is no...

28 May 2020

In the space of a few short weeks in March, the COVID-19 pandemic took over every aspect of our lives and caused the global economy to grind to a standstill. Health concerns over the spread and mortality rate of the virus understandably took priority in the first phase of the pandemi...

07 July 2019

In the week when Saudi Arabia celebrated its first anniversary of women drivers in the Kingdom and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman accepted the chair of the G20 summit for 2020, G20 countries – including Saudi Arabia – reaffirmed their commitment to furthering the empowerm...

07 December 2022

In Q3 2018, 30% of S...

At the beginning of the series in Q3 2018, over 75% of employed Saudi women worked in the public sector. However, in the same period Saudi female labor force participation increased from under 20% to 34% – fulfilling a major policy objective of Saudi Vision 2030.

09 May 2020

The Group of 20 (G20) countries are experiencing or starting to experience the impacts of demographic change on their economies. The reduced working population in the G20’s aging societies necessitates a social transition to maintain labor productivity and fiscal sustainability. Give...

21 October 2017