As a sector, aviation accounts for an estimated 2% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, with the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicating that the growth in aviation in the last decade has been faster than that of roads, rail, or shipping. The pandemic has provided a unique situation in which the airline industry was brought to a halt due to pandemic measures restricting mobility.

Fellow I Nora is a fellow at KAPSARC specializing in transport economics research and energy consumption in the transport sector. Her areas… Nora is a fellow at KAPSARC specializing in transport economics research and energy consumption in the transport sector. Her areas of interest include energy and transport economics, policy analysis, energy transitions, and sustainable transport. She holds an M.Sc. in Maritime and Air Transport Management, focusing on maritime transport economics research, from the University of Antwerp in Belgium and a B.S.B.A. in Business Administration and International Relations from The American University in Washington D.C.
Expertise
- Energy Economics
- Policy Analysis
- Sustainable Transport
- Energy Transitions
- Energy in Transport and Freight Transport
Publications See all Nora Nezamuddin’s publications

The Race to Offset Emissions from Airlines— How Is It Developing?
As a sector, aviation accounts for an estimated 2% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2)…
3rd September 2023
Future Fuel Demand From the Saudi Shipping Sector: A Business-as-Usual Estimation
As a sector, aviation accounts for an estimated 2% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2)…
21st August 2023