Publications

Fueling the Transition in the Maritime Sector: What Are the Current Status and Path Ahead?

Nora Nezamuddin, Michael Koroma, Ahm Mehbub Anwar

The continued demand for global seaborne trade is estimated to have accounted for 85.9% of world trade in 2023, with demand reaching 12 billion tons (Clarksons 2023). As with the growth in demand, the continued growth in CO₂ emissions from…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Michael Koroma

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

IMO GHG Emission Reduction Strategy: Insight into the Alignment of Saudi Arabia’s Efforts at Maritime Decarbonization

Ahm Mehbub Anwar, Nora Nezamuddin

On July 7, 2023, member states of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) met in London, UK, at the 80th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), where they adopted a revised strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions…

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

Nezamuddin, Nora

The Race to Offset Emissions from Airlines— How Is It Developing?

Nora Nezamuddin, Lama Yaseen

As a sector, aviation accounts for an estimated 2% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, with the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicating that the growth in aviation in the last decade has been faster than that of roads, rail,…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Yaseen, Lama

Future Fuel Demand From the Saudi Shipping Sector: A Business-as-Usual Estimation

Ahm Mehbub Anwar, Rubal Dua, Abdulrahman Alwosheel, Nora Nezamuddin

The purpose of this commentary is to suggest a rough estimation of future exports and corresponding fuel consumption of the Saudi shipping sector up to 2040. For estimation purposes, we use two assumptions: A global average energy intensity of 0.078…

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

Dua, Rubal

Alwosheel, Abdulrahman

Nezamuddin, Nora

Regional Energy Cooperation: Opportunities to Enhance the Saudi-India Relationship

Yagyavalk Bhatt, Nora Nezamuddin

Saudi Arabia and India, two of the fastest growing economies globally, play important roles in South Asia and the Middle East, respectively. Saudi-India relations have started to acquire a strategic dimension owing to the countries’ growing business opportunities, rising investment…

Bhatt, Yagyavalk

Nezamuddin, Nora

Saudi Arabia’s Potential to Further Hydrogen Use in the Maritime Sector

Nora Nezamuddin, Rami Shabaneh, Ahm Mehbub Anwar

The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) in Glasgow focussed on advancing low-carbon fuels to reach emissions abatement targets. The conference also reaffirmed the goals of the Paris Agreement: to secure global net-zero emissions by mid-century and limit the…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Shabaneh, Rami

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

Current and Future Trends in Saudi Arabia’s Container Throughput

Ahm Mehbub Anwar, Nora Nezamuddin, Rubal Dua, Abdulrahman Alwosheel

The maritime sector is a key pillar for the diversification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s economy, and it has been prioritised by the Saudi government due to its strategic importance. Saudi Vision 2030 has set a target for making…

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

Nezamuddin, Nora

Dua, Rubal

Alwosheel, Abdulrahman

Flight and Passenger Flows in Saudi Arabia

Nora Nezamuddin, Abdelrahman Muhsen

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has four major international airports. They are King Khalid International Airport (RUH), King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED), King Fahd International Airport (DMM) and Prince Muhammed Bin Abdulaziz International Airport (MED). Before the COVID-19 pandemic,…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Revisiting the Impact of COVID-19 on the Demand for Transport and Gasoline

Nora Nezamuddin, Hatem Al Atawi

The global outbreak of COVID-19 began in March 2020. As of April 2021, the global caseload has reached over 150 million. Governments globally have introduced various measures in an attempt to contain the virus’s spread. These measures have varied in…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Al Atawi, Hatem

Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Extreme Events on Infrastructure Development in Global Trade and Logistics Supply Chain

T20

The rise in global sea levels and extreme events directly challenge the international freight infrastructure. This is particularly important considering the significance of sea-borne trade in international commerce and that key logistics and trade centers are located near coastal areas.…

Aris Christodoulou, Athena Roumboutsos, Nora Nezamuddin, Lama Yaseen, Franklin Konuah, Thierry VaneIslander, Christa Sys, Anna Laura Petrucci, Hande Demirel

Ensuring that Covid-19 Recovery Policies Support the Transformation to a Climate Neutral Society

T20

Governments worldwide have pledged trillions of dollars for economic recovery from the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Without a targeted approach, these recovery programs can lead to a lock-in of high-carbon technologies. This would block the transformation toward climate…

Axel Michaelowa, Abdelrahman Muhsen, Nora Nezamuddin, Mohammed Dabboor, Sonja Butzengeiger, Amm Quamruzzaman

The Impact of the Coronavirus Lockdown on the Electricity Sectors in Saudi Arabia and India

Yagyavalk Bhatt, Anushree Majumdar, Nora Nezamuddin

Currently, an estimated third of the global population is under some form of government-imposed lockdown measure aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19. These lockdown measures have had various negative economic effects and could decrease electricity demand (Business Insider 2020).…

Bhatt, Yagyavalk

Majumdar, Anushree

Nezamuddin, Nora

The Impact of COVID-19 on Transport and Gasoline Demand

Hatem Al Atawi, Nora Nezamuddin, Abdulelah Darandary

In the last few months, the world has experienced the negative effects of COVID-19. The outbreak, which started as an epidemic concentrated in China, quickly spread to become a global pandemic. As of May 12, 2020, there have been over…

Al Atawi, Hatem

Nezamuddin, Nora

Darandary, Abdulelah

Designing Transport Policy for Sustainable Freight Movement in Saudi Arabia

Hector G. Lopez-Ruiz, Nora Nezamuddin, Abdelrahman Muhsen

Logistics and infrastructure policy will play key roles in Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification and reform efforts. This study provides a quantitative assessment of specific measures related to freight transport, taking into consideration the heterogeneity of urban, regional and inter-regional localities…

Lopez-Ruiz, Hector G.

Nezamuddin, Nora

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Saudi Arabia Imports by Major Customs Ports (2014 – 2018)

Nora Nezamuddin

Saudi Arabia’s top three import destinations are the Jeddah Islamic Port, the King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam and the King Khalid International Airport with 29%, 20% and 12% of the total value of imports in 2018, respectively. The total value…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Sector Coupling, Regulatory Convergence and Climate Change

T20

Climate change goals can be met through both the decarbonization of the electricity sector and the electrification of sectors that now use other fuels. However, the electricity sector is navigating major technological disruptions that are changing the essence of its…

Rolando Fuentes, Lester C. Hunt, Baltasar Manzano, Nora Nezamuddin, Juan Jose Montero, Mathias Finger

Estimating Freight Transport Activity Using Nighttime Lights Satellite Data in China, India and Saudi Arabia

Hector G. Lopez-Ruiz, Nora Nezamuddin, Abdelrahman Muhsen

This paper focuses on the methodology for estimating total freight transport activity (FTA) for three countries  — China, India and Saudi Arabia  — with the objective of building on current state-of-the-art transportation modeling in three key areas: Studying the relationship…

Lopez-Ruiz, Hector G.

Nezamuddin, Nora

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Economic policy instruments and market uncertainty: Exploring the impact on renewables adoption

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

The success of any renewable policy can be measured through three parameters: total cost, aggregate installed capacity of renewable technology deployed over the lifetime of the policy and speed at which renewables are adopted. Using these three parameters, this study…

Nora Nezamuddin, Tamim Zamrik, Jorge Blazquez

The renewable energy policy paradox

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Carlo Andrea Bollino, Rolando Fuentes, Nora Nezamuddin

Assessing the cost of renewable energy policy options – A Spanish wind case study

Renewable Energy

This paper assesses the cost effectiveness of wind energy policy options by using a cost–benefit analysis approach. In comparison with other studies, the main contribution of this paper is the use of real financial and operational information of 318 wind…

Patrick Bean, Jorge Blazquez, Nora Nezamuddin