Publications

Gasoline and Diesel Prices in the OECD, China, and India: How Do They Behave During Volatile Times?

Julio Arboleda, Zlata Sergeeva, Cian Mulligan, Carlo Andrea Bollino

The collapse of crude oil prices in 2020, driven by the effects of COVID-19, the recovery packages implemented in 2021 to overcome the crisis, and the recent geopolitical conflicts in 2022, have marked a distinctive three-year period in the oil…

Arboleda, Julio

Sergeeva, Zlata

Mulligan, Cian

Bollino, Carlo Andrea

Eyes Off the Prize? Labor Flows in the Saudi Oil Industry 2019-2023

Cian Mulligan

While much attention has been paid recently to oil and gas investment gaps, there has also been a rising chorus of analyses highlighting an emerging talent gap in traditional energy industries.

Mulligan, Cian

Employment Potential of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: A Value Chain Analysis

Cian Mulligan

Localization and local content mandates are an increasing presence in the global investment landscape, and the development of local content policy in Saudi Arabia will be an important factor in the lasting legacy of Vision 2030. While virtually all industries…

Mulligan, Cian

Renewable Energy and Job Creation: An Automation Risk Assessment

Cian Mulligan

The necessity of a green transition from traditional energy sources to renewable alternatives has brought with it optimism regarding the employment benefits of this change. Announcements of major renewable energy projects include forecasts of thousands of associated direct, indirect and…

Mulligan, Cian

Exploring the Effect of a Transportation Subsidy on Saudi Arabia’s Main Labor Force Indicators

Mansour Al Rajhi, Cian Mulligan

As part of the strategic roadmap for Saudi Vision 2030, the Saudi Arabian government set a goal in 2017 to increase female participation in the workforce from 22% to 30%. This goal falls under objective 4, Increase Employment, of the…

Mansour Al Rajhi

Mulligan, Cian

Consult Within: Analyzing the Recent Decision to Localize Consultancy Professions in Saudi Arabia

Cian Mulligan

In October 2022, Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD) issued a decision mandating the progressive localization of consultancy professions up to 40% by the end of March 2024. Such targeted localization (or Saudization) of specific professions…

Mulligan, Cian

Saudis in the Private Sector: Women Leading the Way

Cian Mulligan

In Q3 2018, 30% of Saudi employment was in the private sector, and by Q1 2022 this had increased to 46%. A major driver of this increase was the comparative outperformance of Saudi women, of whom over 60% now work…

Mulligan, Cian

COVID-19 and Employment in Saudi Arabia: An Initial Assessment

Cian Mulligan

In the space of a few short weeks in March, the COVID-19 pandemic took over every aspect of our lives and caused the global economy to grind to a standstill. Health concerns over the spread and mortality rate of the…

Mulligan, Cian

Fiscal Sustainability and Social Cohesion in the Face of Demographic Change

T20

The Group of 20 (G20) countries are experiencing or starting to experience the impacts of demographic change on their economies. The reduced working population in the G20’s aging societies necessitates a social transition to maintain labor productivity and fiscal sustainability.…

Cian Mulligan, Sara Lechtenberg-Kasten, Chul Ju Kim, Pitchaya Sirivunnabood, Yong Jun Baek, Karen Young

How to Empower Saudi Women in the Labor Force?

Cian Mulligan

In the week when Saudi Arabia celebrated its first anniversary of women drivers in the Kingdom and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman accepted the chair of the G20 summit for 2020, G20 countries – including Saudi Arabia – reaffirmed their commitment to…

Mulligan, Cian

The Fragility of Freedom of Movement

Intereconomics

Cian Mulligan