Publications

Uncertainty in Modeling the Demand for Materials from the Energy Sector at a Country-level: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Timothy Laing

The material intensity of the energy transition has been a topic of growing importance in the literature and policymaking over the last decade. Much of this debate has been founded on a range of future demand forecasts of the material…

Laing, Timothy

How to Create a Hydrogen Market? Lessons from Electricity and Gas Markets on Pricing and Investment Approaches

Shahid Hasan, Rolando Fuentes

To promote low-carbon hydrogen, which is produced in a way that results in no or near-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for decarbonization, substantial investments are required across the hydrogen value chain. Despite the potential of hydrogen in several applications, various…

Hasan, Shahid

Fuentes, Rolando

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Framework for Examining the Environmental Impacts of Asphalt Pavement Mixtures in Saudi Arabia

Ibrahem Shatnawi, Ayman Ali Waheish

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the predominant approach for evaluating the environmental impacts of asphalt pavement. A comprehensive LCA framework for assessing the environmental impacts of asphalt pavements in Saudi Arabia was defined. This model framework presents a clear approach…

Shatnawi, Ibrahem

Ayman Ali Waheish

Towards a CCS National Strategy and Roadmap for Saudi Arabia

Noura Mansouri, Mohammad Abu Zahra, Abdulkader M Afifi, Olivia Azadegan, Chris Consoli, Ahmed Ghoneim, Wolfgang Heidug, Hussein Hoteit, Toby Lockwood, Hasan Muslemani, Naser Odeh, Adnan Shihab-Eldin, Colin Ward

Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, has long been associated with the production and consumption of hydroacrbons. However, with the increasing concerns over climate change and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the country has started to…

Mansouri, Noura

Mohammad Abu Zahra

Abdulkader M Afifi

Olivia Azadegan

Chris Consoli

Ahmed Ghoneim

Heidug, Wolfgang

Hussein Hoteit

Toby Lockwood

Hasan Muslemani

Naser Odeh

Adnan Shihab-Eldin

Ward, Colin

A Maritime Sector in Transition – Learning from Other Sectoral Energy Transitions

Nora Nezamuddin, Rolando Fuentes, Michael Samsu Koroma, Shahid Hasan

The maritime sector currently contributes approximately 2.3% of global CO₂ emissions, with projections suggesting that this share could rise to 10%-13% by 2050, highlighting an urgent need for decarbonization. In response to the potentially catastrophic impacts of climate change, there…

Nezamuddin, Nora

Fuentes, Rolando

Koroma, Michael Samsu

Hasan, Shahid

Life Cycle Assessment of Road Freight Decarbonization in Saudi Arabia

Michael Samsu Koroma, Xun Xu, Abdulrahman Alwosheel

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is committed to transitioning towards a diversified, low-carbon economy, necessitating the decarbonization of its road freight sector, which is a significant source of domestic energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study addresses…

Koroma, Michael Samsu

Xu, Xun

Alwosheel, Abdulrahman

BRICS+ and the Future of Commodity Markets

Majed A. Al Suwailem, Philipp Galkin

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991 marked a pivotal shift in the global economic landscape, ushering in an era characterized by increased market openness and economic integration. The years following have been symbolized by the formation of…

Al Suwailem, Majed A.

Galkin, Philipp

Empowering Change: Overcoming Obstacles in Implementing CCS for Power Generation – Key Takeaways for Global Players

Shahid Hasan

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global energy-related CO2emissions, which come primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels, reached a record high level of 37.4 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2022 (IEA 2024). At 38% electricity generation continues to be the…

Hasan, Shahid

Locating EV Charging Stations to Enable Intercity Travel in Saudi Arabia

Ryan Alyamani, Thomas Gertin

The development of electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure presents a promising pathway to reduce transportation emissions, particularly when integrated with low-carbon energy systems. Given Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable travel initiatives, a clear understanding of the charging infrastructure required for facilitating…

Alyamani, Ryan

Thomas Gertin

Behavioral Changes in Household Electricity Consumption from 2015 to 2022

Abdulelah Darandary, Nader AlKathiri

Analyzing the distribution of electricity consumption provides a clearer picture of distinct household segments and their behaviors. This approach allows us to identify clusters of low, moderate, and high consumers, offering insight into usage patterns. Such granularity can guide targeted…

Darandary, Abdulelah

AlKathiri, Nader

Key Drivers of Decarbonizing Hard- to-Abate Energy- System Sectors by Midcentury

Raphael Apeaninga, Puneet Kamboj, Mohamad Hejazi

To limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C, achieving a net-zero or near-zero greenhouse gas emission energy system by midcentury is essential. This ambitious target requires the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors, particularly transportation and heavy industry. This study employs an…

Apeaninga, Raphael

Puneet Kamboj

Hejazi, Mohamad

Introduction of Electric Vehicles in Saudi Arabia: Impacts on Oil Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Electricity Demand

Muhammad Javid, Raed Al-Mestneer

In this study, we project the number of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in Saudi Arabia up to 2050. The projected number of vehicles is then used to project the oil demand and CO2 emissions associated with the road transport…

Javid, Muhammad

Al-Mestneer, Raed

Balancing International Trade and Climate Justice: Legal Perspectives on the EU’s Deforestation Regulation

Majed A. Al Suwailem, Tommaso Morotti

Forests play a crucial role as natural carbon sinks and protectors of biodiversity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the world lost approximately 4.2 million square kilometers of forest between 1990 and 2020 –…

Al Suwailem, Majed A.

Tommaso Morotti

Phantom Oil Movements: An Investigation into Opaque Ship- to-Ship Operations and Their Role in Sanction Evasion

Majed A. Al Suwailem, Philipp Galkin, Fahad Alyahya

The transportation and distribution of large volumes of oil, gas, and refined products over long distances are enabled primarily by marine shipping. Transborder pipelines serve as an additional method for transporting oil and gas. However, these pipelines are typically more…

Al Suwailem, Majed A.

Galkin, Philipp

Alyahya, Fahad

Approach and Initial Findings in Modeling Future Seaborne Trade and Its Impact on Energy Demand

Ahm Mehbub Anwar, Rubal Dua, Abdulrahman Alwosheel

International shipping contributes approximately 3% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, prompting the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to aim for net-zero shipping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 to mitigate climate change. Shipping is a critical link between countries for…

Anwar, Ahm Mehbub

Dua, Rubal

Alwosheel, Abdulrahman

Digitalized Virtual Power Plants to Unlock the Value of Distributed Energy Resources in the Day-Ahead Market

Moamar Sayed Mouchaweh

Digitalized virtual power plants (DVPPs) are advanced software platforms that aggregate and optimally orchestrate a collection of distributed energy resources (DERs) to support grid balance and stability to alleviate stressed transmission and distribution lines and provide critical grid services. DVPPs…

Moamar Sayed Mouchaweh

Resilient Digitalized Power Grids with High Penetration of Distributed, Variable Renewable Energy

Moamar Sayed Mouchaweh

Conventional power grids are undergoing a transition towards digitalized power grids, where cyber, physical, and social domains are tightly coupled through smart components, advanced metering infrastructure, wireless communication /connectivity networks, and digital technologies that transform data into valuable insights and…

Moamar Sayed Mouchaweh

How the Census-2022 Results Changed the Outlook for Electricity Demand

Jeyhun Mikayilov, Raed Al-Mestneer

This paper aims to address these discrepancies by reestimating an original empirical model of electricity demand using recently revised population data from GaStat (2024). The original model, which was developed by Mikayilov and Darandary (2024), relied on population data from…