Publications

Limiting Carbon Dioxide Removal Could Exacerbate Global Economic Inequality

Raphael Apeaninga, Puneet Kamboj, Mohamad Hejazi

The Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius (°C), and ideally 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels, places significant emphasis on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. However, the global landscape for CDR deployment remains uneven, with…

Apeaninga, Raphael

Puneet Kamboj

Hejazi, Mohamad

Ground-Source Air Conditioning: A Potential Solution for Saudi Arabia’s Building Sector

Mohammad Aldubyan, Majed A. Al Suwailem

Energy consumption for cooling in Saudi Arabia is notably high due to the country’s extreme climatic conditions, with air conditioning accounting for a significant portion of electricity demand. Addressing this challenge requires innovative solutions that align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision…

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Al Suwailem, Majed A.

Navigating Global Sustainability Reporting and Taxonomies: Insights for Saudi Arabia

Claudia Belahmidi, Fatih Yılmaz, Faisal Yousef, Norah Alorainy

The paper explores the evolution of ESG reporting frameworks and taxonomies, focusing on their implications for Saudi Arabia. It discusses the challenges posed by global ESG practices, such as mandatory Scope 3 emissions reporting, materiality standards, and carbon management technologies.…

Belahmidi, Claudia

Yılmaz, Fatih

Faisal Yousef

Norah Alorainy

Progress and Gaps in the Adoption of Clean Cooking Fuels in Africa – Policy Options for Ghana and Kenya

Fateh Belaïd, Mohamad Hejazi

Access to clean cooking fuels is vital for public health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the key barriers to adopting clean cooking fuels in Ghana and Kenya, asking. Despite progress in urban areas toward…

Belaïd, Fateh

Hejazi, Mohamad

Carbon Markets and Saudi Arabia: A Review of Options and Analysis of Carbon Crediting Potential

Paul Zakkour, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been taking steps towards carbon market development to stimulate domestic and international climate action. In 2022, the government announced a domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) crediting mechanism – the Greenhouse Gas Crediting and Offsetting Mechanism…

Zakkour, Paul

Gasim, Anwar

Luomi, Mari

Saudi Arabia’s National Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories: Overview, Progress, and Outlook

Hind Aldhuwaihi, Anwar Gasim

This paper summarizes Saudi Arabia’s history with national greenhouse gas emission reporting, giving an overview and discussing the trends in emissions.

Aldhuwaihi, Hind

Gasim, Anwar

Ratifying the Kigali Amendment Challenges and Opportunities for Saudi Arabia

Aayushi Awasthy, Laura Bougary, Mohammad Aldubyan

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement which continues the effort to protect the ozone layer but adds the phase out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases that contribute significantly to global warming. The international efforts…

Awasthy, Aayushi

Laura Bougary

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Roadmap for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in Saudi Arabia Insights From Stakeholder Engagement and Expert Survey

AlJawhara Al Quayid, Fateh Belaïd, Naser Odeh, Noura Mansouri

This paper presents the findings of a survey conducted by KAPSARC, focusing on the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology within the framework of Circular Carbon Economy (CCE). The survey, part of the CCE Roadmaps project, aimed to…

Al Quayid, AlJawhara

Belaïd, Fateh

Naser Odeh

Mansouri, Noura

Sectoral Clustering and Climate-Tech Startup Financing Through Venture Capital and Private Equity

Akin Cilekoglu

In this study, I investigate climate-tech startup financing of venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) investments across different sectors around the world for the 2022-2024 period. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that start-ups in sectors with higher dynamism (proxied by deal…

Cilekoglu, Akin

The Determinants of Successful Energy Subsidy Reforms: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Anwar Gasim, Paolo Agnolucci, Paul Ekins, Lama Yaseen

Many factors influence whether an energy subsidy reform is successful. We define success as a reform that does not lead to social unrest and is not reversed. To better understand these factors, we apply logistic regression analysis to an original…

Gasim, Anwar

Paolo Agnolucci

Paul Ekins

Yaseen, Lama

Harnessing Heat from the Refinery and Petrochemical Sectors for Future Commercial-Scale DAC Systems in Saudi Arabia

Naser Odeh, Raphael Apeaninga, Feras Rowaihy

As the global community commits to achieving net-zero carbon emissions, innovative strategies such as direct air capture (DAC) are gaining prominence. However, DAC, which is a key technology for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), is energy intensive and expensive, with $600-$1,000…

Naser Odeh

Apeaninga, Raphael

Feras Rowaihy

Navigating the Trade and Climate Change Nexus

Joachim Monkelbaan

As global efforts to tackle climate change intensify, the intersection of trade and climate policy is increasingly critical. Trade can drive access to clean energy technologies and promote sustainable practices but also risks amplifying emissions through carbon-intensive industries and uncoordinated…

Monkelbaan, Joachim

Carbon Dioxide Utilization in the Desalination Sector in Saudi Arabia: An Opportunity for Achieving Negative Emissions

Naser Odeh, Julian Hunt, Mohamad Hejazi, Thomas Gertin, Yara Elborolosy, Yoshihide Wada

The global pursuit of sustainable solutions to mitigate climate change has intensified, necessitating innovative approaches that transform traditional carbon-intensive industries into potential carbon sinks. Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key tool for achieving net-zero targets by 2060…

Naser Odeh

Julian Hunt

Hejazi, Mohamad

Thomas Gertin

Yara Elborolosy

Yoshihide Wada

Carbon Removal Ratings and their Potential in Saudi Arabia

Ted Christie-Miller, Naser Odeh, Alex Luke, Alex Rojas

As the global focus on mitigating climate change intensifies, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies have emerged as critical tools in reducing atmospheric carbon levels. In Saudi Arabia, recent studies have identified direct air capture (DAC) and energy from waste with…

Ted Christie-Miller

Naser Odeh

Alex Luke

Alex Rojas

Towards a CCS National Strategy and Roadmap for Saudi Arabia

Noura Mansouri, Mohammad Abu Zahra, Abdulkader M Afifi, Olivia Azadegan, Chris Consoli, Ahmed Ghoneim, Wolfgang Heidug, Hussein Hoteit, Toby Lockwood, Hasan Muslemani, Naser Odeh, Adnan Shihab-Eldin, Colin Ward

Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, has long been associated with the production and consumption of hydroacrbons. However, with the increasing concerns over climate change and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the country has started to…

Mansouri, Noura

Mohammad Abu Zahra

Abdulkader M Afifi

Olivia Azadegan

Chris Consoli

Ahmed Ghoneim

Heidug, Wolfgang

Hussein Hoteit

Toby Lockwood

Hasan Muslemani

Naser Odeh

Adnan Shihab-Eldin

Ward, Colin

Key Drivers of Decarbonizing Hard- to-Abate Energy- System Sectors by Midcentury

Raphael Apeaninga, Puneet Kamboj, Mohamad Hejazi

To limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C, achieving a net-zero or near-zero greenhouse gas emission energy system by midcentury is essential. This ambitious target requires the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors, particularly transportation and heavy industry. This study employs an…

Apeaninga, Raphael

Puneet Kamboj

Hejazi, Mohamad

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2024 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Hind Aldhuwaihi

The 2024 CCE Index provides a multidimensional overview of the current state of net-zero transitions worldwide, covering 125 countries from all world regions. It is based on the holistic, technology-neutral and flexible concept of the circular carbon economy (CCE), where…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Aldhuwaihi, Hind

Why Does Sustainable Finance Not Flow into the Global South?

Fatih Yılmaz, Akin Cilekoglu

While private sustainable finance flows have grown substantially in recent years, they are heavily concentrated in certain countries – primarily in a few advanced economies. Emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) face significant barriers to accessing much-needed private funds for…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Cilekoglu, Akin

Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the GCC Built Environment

Fateh Belaïd

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, encompassing Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, is distinguished by rapid urbanization, robust economic growth, and substantial energy consumption. The built environment has expanded significantly to accommodate burgeoning populations…

Belaïd, Fateh

Assessing the Impact of Energy Transition Initiatives on the Policy Cost of Saudi Arabia’s Net- Zero Ambition

Raphael Apeaninga, Puneet Kamboj, Mohamad Hejazi, Yang Qiu, Page Kyle, Gokul Iyer

Saudi Arabia’s ambitious goal to achieve a net-zero economy by 2060 offers a unique opportunity for diversification away from fossil fuels while fostering long-term economic resilience and sustainability. Crucial to this transition are energy policies that steer the Kingdom from…

Apeaninga, Raphael

Puneet Kamboj

Hejazi, Mohamad

Yang Qiu

Page Kyle

Gokul Iyer

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