Publications

Lessons from an International Review of Successful and Unsuccessful Energy Subsidy Reforms

Anwar Gasim, Paolo Agnolucci, Paul Ekins

Many factors contribute to the success of energy subsidy reform. To better understand these factors, we review studies that drew lessons from past attempts at reform. We synthesize the lessons and then expound on them by reviewing our newly constructed…

Gasim, Anwar

Paolo Agnolucci

Paul Ekins

Using Satellite Technology to Measure Methane Emissions in Arabian Gulf Countries

Anwar Gasim, Walid Matar, Abdelrahman Muhsen, Srivatsan Anand, Julian Akani Guery

Decision makers need high-quality information on the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to take effective climate actions. Of the GHGs, methane can be particularly difficult to measure. Huge discrepancies exist in methane emission estimates at the global, national, and…

Gasim, Anwar

Matar, Walid

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Srivatsan Anand

Julian Akani Guery

Projecting Saudi Arabia’s CO2 Dynamic Baselines to 2060: A Multivariate Approach

The Energy Journal

Using an econometric model, we generate scenario projections of CO2 emissions under different sets of assumptions on the underlying drivers. These drivers include GDP, the energy price, economic structure, and the underlying emissions trend. Our baseline scenario projects that Saudi…

Abdulelah Darandary, Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

Beyond Efficiency Gains: Addressing the Rebound Effect in Saudi Arabian Residential Cooling

Science Direct

Mohammad Aldubyan, Fateh Belaïd, Anwar Gasim

Satellite-Assisted Methane Emissions Intensity from Saudi Oil and Gas Production in 2023

Anwar Gasim, Abdulmalik Kurdi, Walid Matar, Abdelrahman Muhsen

In its latest release of the Global Methane Tracker, the International Energy Agency (IEA) imputes methane intensity for each oil and gas producer for 2023.

Gasim, Anwar

Abdulmalik Kurdi

Matar, Walid

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Using Satellite Technology to Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Saudi Arabia

Anwar Gasim, Walid Matar, Abdelrahman Muhsen

Measuring and monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are crucial to address climate change and fulfill Paris Agreement objectives. This paper explores the potential of satellite technology in measuring and tracking CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions in Saudi Arabia, collaborating with…

Gasim, Anwar

Matar, Walid

Muhsen, Abdelrahman

Methane Emissions Baseline Forecasts for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics

Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is key to near-term efforts to limit global warming. CH4 is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The production, transport, and consumption of fossil fuels, in addition…

Gasim, Anwar

Hunt, Lester C.

Mikayilov, Jeyhun

Aggregate Real Energy Price Index

Abdulelah Darandary, Anwar Gasim

Our aggregate real energy index is constructed in two steps. First, sectoral energy prices are obtained from Hasanov et al (2020). Second, the index is constructed by calculating a weighted average of these sectoral energy prices, in which the weight…

Darandary, Abdulelah

Gasim, Anwar

Projecting Saudi Arabia’s CO2 Dynamic Baselines to 2060: A Multivariate Approach

Abdulelah Darandary, Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

As a party to the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit the global average temperature rise to below 2 degrees and keep it as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius, Saudi Arabia has submitted its nationally determined contribution (NDC).…

Darandary, Abdulelah

Gasim, Anwar

Hunt, Lester C.

Mikayilov, Jeyhun

Methane Emissions Baseline Forecasts for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics

Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is key to near-term efforts to limit global warming. CH4 is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The production, transport, and consumption of fossil fuels, in addition…

Gasim, Anwar

Hunt, Lester C.

Mikayilov, Jeyhun

Baseline Forecasts of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics

Anwar Gasim, Lester C. Hunt, Jeyhun Mikayilov

As a party to the Paris Agreement, Saudi Arabia submitted a baseline emissions reduction target as part of its nationally determined contribution. The baseline target rests on the development of a baseline emissions scenario. This is a counterfactual scenario that…

Gasim, Anwar

Hunt, Lester C.

Mikayilov, Jeyhun

The Rebound Effect in Residential Energy Demand: The Case of Saudi Arabia

Mohammad Aldubyan, Fateh Belaïd, Anwar Gasim

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Rebound Effect Although the rebound effect phenomenon has sparked heightened policy and academic debate in recent years, the topic is not new. The concept of rebound – and its extreme form, “backfire”, where energy efficiency…

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Belaïd, Fateh

Gasim, Anwar

Modeling final energy demand and the impacts of energy price reform in Saudi Arabia

Science Direct

Anwar Gasim

Revisiting Energy Subsidy Calculations: A Focus on Saudi Arabia

IAEE

Walid Matar, Anwar Gasim

What Drove Saudi Arabia’s 2020 Fall in CO2 Emissions?

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

In June 2021, the energy data provider Enerdata released its initial estimates for Saudi Arabia’s 2020 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The data indicate that the Kingdom’s CO2 emissions from fuel combustion decreased by 3.3%, from 508.3 million tonnes of CO2…

Al Shehri, Thamir

Braun, Jan Frederik

Gasim, Anwar

Luomi, Mari

What Happened to Oil Product Demand in Saudi Arabia During the First Two Quarters of 2020?

Anwar Gasim

In this commentary, we examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the various lockdown measures on domestic oil product demand in Saudi Arabia during the first and second quarters of 2020. We explore the pandemic’s effects on six key…

Gasim, Anwar

Real Gross Domestic Income for Saudi Arabia: A Measure of National Income

Anwar Gasim, Walid Matar

“A country’s national income is defined as the total market value of its output. The most used measure for national income is gross domestic product (GDP). One way to estimate GDP for a country is to sum its government consumption,…

Gasim, Anwar

Matar, Walid

Energy Price Reform in Saudi Arabia: Modeling the Economic and Environmental Impacts and Understanding the Demand Response

Science Direct

Saudi Arabia has regulated domestic energy prices for decades, setting them below international market levels. Energy subsidies in Saudi Arabia are generally implicit because they lead to foregone revenues for the government. Low energy prices also encourage rapid energy demand…

Mohammad Aldubyan, Anwar Gasim

What Happened to Residential Electricity Consumption in Saudi Arabia Between 2015 and 2018?

Mohammad Aldubyan, Anwar Gasim

Between 2007 and 2018, residential electricity consumption in Saudi Arabia increased by 45%, from around 89 terawatthours (TWh) to 130 TWh (SAMA 2019). Population and gross domestic product (GDP) are two key factors that influence residential electricity consumption.

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Gasim, Anwar

Energy Price Reform in Saudi Arabia: Modeling the Economic and Environmental Impact and Understanding the Demand Response

Mohammad Aldubyan, Anwar Gasim

The government of Saudi Arabia, like many around the world, has long set domestic energy prices far below international market levels. This helps keep prices stable and energy affordable, providing important support to lower-income households.    

Aldubyan, Mohammad

Gasim, Anwar