Publications

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2024 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Hind Aldhuwaihi

The 2024 CCE Index provides a multidimensional overview of the current state of net-zero transitions worldwide, covering 125 countries from all world regions. It is based on the holistic, technology-neutral and flexible concept of the circular carbon economy (CCE), where…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Aldhuwaihi, Hind

Why Does Sustainable Finance Not Flow into the Global South?

Fatih Yılmaz, Akin Cilekoglu

While private sustainable finance flows have grown substantially in recent years, they are heavily concentrated in certain countries – primarily in a few advanced economies. Emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) face significant barriers to accessing much-needed private funds for…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Cilekoglu, Akin

Financing the Decarbonization of Hard-to- Abate Sectors Trends, Issues, and Ways Forward

Fatih Yılmaz

Global transition investments have experienced incredible growth and progress, with the increasing level of participation from private actors in recent years. Investment flows in clean technologies have significantly increased since the COVID-19 era, reaching US$1.8 trillion in 2023, up from…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Southeast Asia and the Circular Carbon Economy: A Rapidly Developing Region

David Wogan, Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz

This KAPSARC Discussion Paper examines six major Southeast Asian economies’ progress and potential on the road to net-zero emissions, or carbon circularity. It does so by using the technology-neutral approach of the circular carbon economy (CCE) and the CCE Index,…

Wogan, David

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Middle East and North Africa and the Circular Carbon Economy: Seizing the Potential for Action

Laura El-Katiri, Fatih Yılmaz, Mari Luomi

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is an emerging center of energy demand. Economic and population growth, increasing industrialization as well as rising living standards are all expected to contribute to a continued increase in the region’s energy…

Laura El-Katiri

Yılmaz, Fatih

Luomi, Mari

Accelerating Climate Finance for Saudi Arabia’s Net Zero Ambitions: Green Financing Frameworks

Claudia Belahmidi, Fatih Yılmaz, Fatimah Alsunbul, Anas Alghamdi, Norah Alorainy, Faisal Yousef

As part of the global climate agenda, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is committed to achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2060 through the Circular Carbon Economy (CEE) approach. To achieve this goal, the Kingdom aims to…

Belahmidi, Claudia

Yılmaz, Fatih

Alsunbul, Fatimah

Anas Alghamdi

Norah Alorainy

Faisal Yousef

Toward Just Transitions in the MENA Region: Insights from the 2022 Circular Carbon Economy Index

Fatih Yılmaz, Mari Luomi, Laura El-Katiri

In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that any major effort to reduce emissions will require a whole-of-society approach that brings along people equally within and across countries. As a sign of this notion entering the “mainstream” of global…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Luomi, Mari

Laura El-Katiri

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2023: Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Index provides a comparative overview of where countries stand on the road to net-zero and how well equipped they are to get there. The CCE Index compiles quantitative data points from 38 robust sources into…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Implications of Climate Policy on Energy Poverty

Fateh Belaïd, Mohamad Hejazi, Puneet Kamboj, Fatih Yılmaz

This article examines the complex issue of energy poverty and its various dimensions, including energy access and affordability. It explores the challenges of addressing energy poverty and the trade-offs that may exist between energy poverty and climate change policy.

Belaïd, Fateh

Hejazi, Mohamad

Puneet Kamboj

Yılmaz, Fatih

Closing the Investment Gap to Achieve Paris Agreement Goals

Fatih Yılmaz, Fahad A. Alswaina, Fateh Belaïd, Mohamad Hejazi, Mari Luomi, Salaheddine Soummane

This study aims to assess the alignment of global sustainable financial flows with transition investment priorities. First, we identify investment gaps based on the difference between the required annual investment to meet global net-zero emissions (NZE) targets and current investment…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Alswaina, Fahad A.

Belaïd, Fateh

Hejazi, Mohamad

Luomi, Mari

Soummane, Salaheddine

Enhancing the G20’s Climate Change Policy Agenda with the Circular Carbon Economy Index

T20

Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri, Mari Luomi, Dr. Fahad Alturki

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Enhancing Environmental, Social and Governance Frameworks To Scale Up Climate Finance

Fatih Yılmaz, Jitendra Roychoudhury, Emre Hatipoglu

Investing in Net-Zero Emission Ambitions: Global ESG Frameworks and CCUS Projects

Fatih Yılmaz, Adam Sieminski

Achieving global net zero emission (NZE) goals necessitates trillions of US$ of annual investment in various mitigation technologies. While a significant portion of this investment is expected to take place in mainstream mitigation technologies (e.g., renewable energy), low carbon technologies…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Adam Sieminski

The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Understanding the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Transition: Country Performance and Potential

Fatih Yılmaz

Renewable energy (RE) is a vital stream of the global energy transition toward sustainable alternatives. Various mitigation strategies, such as enhancing energy efficiency, utilizing fuel switching, deploying nuclear power and adopting carbon capture, have been developed. Of these, RE has…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Understanding the Dynamics of the Renewable Energy Transition: The Determinants and Future Projections Under Different Scenarios

Fatih Yılmaz

The global energy system’s current structure has severe environmental consequences that necessitate an urgent transformation toward more sustainable alternatives. Besides many available mitigation actions, such as enhancing energy efficiency, deploying nuclear energy, switching fuels and adopting carbon capture technologies, renewable…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Understanding the Dynamics of the Renewable Energy Transition: A Determinant Index Approach

Fatih Yılmaz

Renewable energy is a key component of global energy transitions. To better identify its dynamics, this study constructs a composite index to measure countries’ renewable energy transition potential. Based on two decades of academic research, we identify 45 main enabling…

Yılmaz, Fatih

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir