Publications

Race to the Top: Harmonizing Regulations for Geological CO₂ Storage Under Article 6

Wolfgang Heidug, Mari Luomi

The urgent need to mitigate climate change underscores the importance of achieving reliable and widespread deployment of geological carbon storage. This discussion paper highlights the role of robust and harmonized state regulations in ensuring the environmental integrity of CO2 storage…

Heidug, Wolfgang

Luomi, Mari

Carbon Markets and Saudi Arabia: A Review of Options and Analysis of Carbon Crediting Potential

Paul Zakkour, Anwar Gasim, Mari Luomi

In response to the growing interest in carbon markets in Saudi Arabia, KAPSARC implemented a study to better characterize and understand the potential for carbon crediting in the Kingdom. The focus was specifically on providing estimates of the potential for…

Zakkour, Paul

Gasim, Anwar

Luomi, Mari

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2024 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Hind Aldhuwaihi

The 2024 CCE Index provides a multidimensional overview of the current state of net-zero transitions worldwide, covering 125 countries from all world regions. It is based on the holistic, technology-neutral and flexible concept of the circular carbon economy (CCE), where…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Aldhuwaihi, Hind

Saudi Arabia and the Circular Carbon Economy: From Vision to Implementation

Mari Luomi, Hind Aldhuwaihi

This case study shows how the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Index can be used to analyze a country’s CCE performance and enablers in a holistic manner and in a comparative context, relative to other countries. Saudi Arabia is an extremely…

Luomi, Mari

Aldhuwaihi, Hind

Southeast Asia and the Circular Carbon Economy: A Rapidly Developing Region

David Wogan, Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz

This KAPSARC Discussion Paper examines six major Southeast Asian economies’ progress and potential on the road to net-zero emissions, or carbon circularity. It does so by using the technology-neutral approach of the circular carbon economy (CCE) and the CCE Index,…

Wogan, David

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Middle East and North Africa and the Circular Carbon Economy: Seizing the Potential for Action

Laura El-Katiri, Fatih Yılmaz, Mari Luomi

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is an emerging center of energy demand. Economic and population growth, increasing industrialization as well as rising living standards are all expected to contribute to a continued increase in the region’s energy…

Laura El-Katiri

Yılmaz, Fatih

Luomi, Mari

Toward Just Transitions in the MENA Region: Insights from the 2022 Circular Carbon Economy Index

Fatih Yılmaz, Mari Luomi, Laura El-Katiri

In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that any major effort to reduce emissions will require a whole-of-society approach that brings along people equally within and across countries. As a sign of this notion entering the “mainstream” of global…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Luomi, Mari

Laura El-Katiri

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2023: Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Index provides a comparative overview of where countries stand on the road to net-zero and how well equipped they are to get there. The CCE Index compiles quantitative data points from 38 robust sources into…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Paris Agreement Article 6 and Geological CO2 Storage: The State of Affairs After COP 28

Wolfgang Heidug, Mari Luomi

This KAPSARC commentary focuses on the role of CCS within the market mechanisms defined in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It discusses how related technologies fit under Article 6 and examines the current progress in implementing this article. The…

Heidug, Wolfgang

Luomi, Mari

Closing the Investment Gap to Achieve Paris Agreement Goals

Fatih Yılmaz, Fahad A. Alswaina, Fateh Belaïd, Mohamad Hejazi, Mari Luomi, Salaheddine Soummane

This study aims to assess the alignment of global sustainable financial flows with transition investment priorities. First, we identify investment gaps based on the difference between the required annual investment to meet global net-zero emissions (NZE) targets and current investment…

Yılmaz, Fatih

Alswaina, Fahad A.

Belaïd, Fateh

Hejazi, Mohamad

Luomi, Mari

Soummane, Salaheddine

Carbon Markets and Related Opportunities for the Gulf

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

Mari Luomi

Enhancing the G20’s Climate Change Policy Agenda with the Circular Carbon Economy Index

T20

Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri, Mari Luomi, Dr. Fahad Alturki

Lessons from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Participation in the Clean Development Mechanism

Mari Luomi, Thomas Bosse, Zlata Sergeeva

Carrbon markets have rapidly risen on government and corporate agendas in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries as the region gears up to implement the Paris Agreement and pursue ambitious net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Governments have expressed interest…

Luomi, Mari

Thomas Bosse

Sergeeva, Zlata

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Key Issues for Policy-makers to Address at COP 27

The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

Mari Luomi

The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential

Mari Luomi, Fatih Yılmaz, Thamir Al Shehri

Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and…

Luomi, Mari

Yılmaz, Fatih

Al Shehri, Thamir

Saudi Arabia’s Climate Change Policy and the Circular Carbon Economy Approach

Taylor & Francis

Thamir Al Shehri, Jan Frederik Braun, Nicholas Howarth, Alessandro Lanza, Mari Luomi

Balancing China’s Energy Security and Its Transition to Carbon Neutrality

Dongmei Chen, Mari Luomi

At the United Nations (UN) General Assembly’s seventy-fifth session held on September 20, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged that China would reach peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This is seen as a significant…

Chen, Dongmei

Luomi, Mari

COP 26 Outcomes and Opportunities for Saudi Arabia and Other Arab Countries

Mari Luomi

The 2021 Glasgow Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 26, took place at a difficult juncture. Countries are still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences. The concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere continue to…

Luomi, Mari

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