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      The Ban on Long-Term Natural Gas Contracts for the European Union: A Double-Edged Sword?
      Regional Energy Markets

      The Ban on Long-Term Natural Gas Contracts for the European Union: A Double-Edged Sword?

      Zlata Sergeeva

      Long-term natural gas contracts are necessary market instruments that provide supply security for customers and demand security for producers. Nevertheless, the European Commission recently announced a plan to ban long-term contracts for unabated fossil gas after 2049. This study shows…

      Zlata Sergeeva Sergeeva, Zlata
      4th April 2023
      Accelerating the Demand for and International Trade in Low-Carbon Hydrogen
      Regional Energy Markets

      Accelerating the Demand for and International Trade in Low-Carbon Hydrogen

      Hydrogen is projected to play an important role in meeting decarbonization targets. Hydrocarbon-rich countries perceive this as an opportunity to decarbonize existing assets and monetize undeveloped hydrocarbon reserves. Meanwhile, non-traditional energy exporters rich in renewable energy resources view hydrogen as…

      21st March 2023
      A Global Hydrogen Future
      Regional Energy Markets

      A Global Hydrogen Future

      The Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) and the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) convened an invitation-only in-person workshop titled A Global Hydrogen Future. The full-day event was held on Oct. 11, 2022, in Washington, D.C., and brought together 68 subject matter…

      6th March 2023
      Fostering Net-Zero Transition Pathways: The Role of Clean Hydrogen
      Regional Energy Markets

      Fostering Net-Zero Transition Pathways: The Role of Clean Hydrogen

      Salaheddine Soummane, Rami Shabaneh

      In early 2022, 80 countries (including Saudi Arabia), representing around 74% of global greenhouse gas emissions, pledged to reach net-zero emissions (NZE) in the coming decades. Achieving these ambitious climate policy objectives requires shifting the energy mix toward existing and…

      Salaheddine Soummane Soummane, Salaheddine
      Rami Shabaneh Shabaneh, Rami
      8th December 2022
      The Current State and Future of Clean Hydrogen Projects Worldwide
      Regional Energy Markets

      The Current State and Future of Clean Hydrogen Projects Worldwide

      Salaheddine Soummane

      This data insight reviews clean hydrogen projects worldwide that are listed in the Hydrogen Projects Database of the International Energy Agency (IEA 2021), which covers hydrogen projects for “energy or climate change mitigation purposes” based on electrolysis, fossil fuels with…

      Salaheddine Soummane Soummane, Salaheddine
      25th May 2022
      The European Energy Collapse: A Chain of Contingencies or a Recurring Nightmare?
      Regional Energy Markets

      The European Energy Collapse: A Chain of Contingencies or a Recurring Nightmare?

      Zlata Sergeeva, Nikolay Fedorov

      Choosing to rely exclusively on renewable energy sources (RES) and eliminating hydrocarbons can lead to significant difficulties for an energy system. Challenges may arise when energy storage is insufficient to guarantee a stable power supply. The lack of suitable technologies…

      Zlata Sergeeva Sergeeva, Zlata
      Nikolay Fedorov Nikolay Fedorov
      20th April 2022
      How Realistic Is Hydrogen for Electrification?
      Regional Energy Markets

      How Realistic Is Hydrogen for Electrification?

      Shahid Hasan, Rami Shabaneh

      Hydrogen has gained considerable global support in the energy policy discourse on how to meet decarbonization targets. Due to its clean-burning properties and versatility, hydrogen is being examined as an alternative fuel source to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in…

      Shahid Hasan Hasan, Shahid
      Rami Shabaneh Shabaneh, Rami
      1st March 2022
      The Economics and Resource Potential of Hydrogen Production in Saudi Arabia
      Regional Energy Markets

      The Economics and Resource Potential of Hydrogen Production in Saudi Arabia

      Shahid Hasan, Rami Shabaneh

      Energy transition discussions, policymakers are increasingly viewing hydrogen as a preferred emissions-free substitute for oil, natural gas and coal in hard-to-abate sectors. However, hydrogen is not a primary energy source but rather is a carrier of energy. Many factors, including…

      Shahid Hasan Hasan, Shahid
      Rami Shabaneh Shabaneh, Rami
      1st March 2022
      Saudi Arabia’s Clean Hydrogen Ambitions: Opportunities and Challenges
      Regional Energy Markets

      Saudi Arabia’s Clean Hydrogen Ambitions: Opportunities and Challenges

      Jan Frederik Braun, Rami Shabaneh

      Saudi Arabia is a prime example of a country with an immense potential for clean hydrogen, i.e., hydrogen derived from a production process in which carbon emissions into the atmosphere are avoided, mitigated, or captured and stored.  Fully leveraging clean hydrogen to…

      Jan Frederik Braun Braun, Jan Frederik
      Rami Shabaneh Shabaneh, Rami
      30th June 2021
      Charting Saudi Energy Flows
      Regional Energy Markets

      Charting Saudi Energy Flows

      Andrew Stanley

      KAPSARC has developed an energy flow chart for Saudi Arabia. The graphic provides a comprehensive view of the Kingdom’s energy profile, breaking down energy supply by source, sector, and electric power.      

      Andrew Stanley Andrew Stanley
      21st December 2020
      Saudi Arabia Energy Report
      Regional Energy Markets Models, Data and Tools Electricity Sector Transitions

      Saudi Arabia Energy Report

      Abeer AlGhamdi

      Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s leading oil producers and exporters. It has the second-largest proven crude oil reserves after Venezuela. Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves have made it one of the most significant players in the global oil market.…

      Abeer AlGhamdi AlGhamdi, Abeer
      15th December 2020
      Energy Security and Portfolio Diversification: The Exporter’s Perspective
      Regional Energy Markets

      Energy Security and Portfolio Diversification: The Exporter’s Perspective

      Philipp Galkin, Carlo Andrea Bollino

      Despite the increasing attention paid to energy security and the continuously broadening scope of the field, the perspective of energy importing countries (i.e., supply security) has overshadowed that of exporters, who seek to ensure demand security. As official statements and…

      Philipp Galkin Galkin, Philipp
      Carlo Andrea Bollino Bollino, Carlo Andrea
      25th November 2020
      Saudi Arabian Cement Companies: Upgrading Through Leveraging Overcapacity
      Regional Energy Markets

      Saudi Arabian Cement Companies: Upgrading Through Leveraging Overcapacity

      Jitendra Roychoudhury

      The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s annual cement production capacity of 72.4 million tonnes is the highest of any Gulf country. From 2001-2005, Saudi cement production grew at a compound annual growth rate of almost 8%. However, its annual production in…

      Jitendra Roychoudhury Roychoudhury, Jitendra
      21st June 2020
      Energy Exchanges on GCCIA Interconnector
      Electricity Sector Transitions Regional Energy Markets

      Energy Exchanges on GCCIA Interconnector

      Turki Alaqeel, Shahid Hasan

      The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) interconnection grid has linked the national grids of the six GCC countries since 2011. It is run by the GCC Interconnection Authority (GCCIA). It has been primarily designed to provide GCC member countries with alternative…

      Turki Alaqeel Alaqeel, Turki
      Shahid Hasan Hasan, Shahid
      27th April 2020
      Implementing Alternative Pricing Policies in Economic Equilibrium Models Using the Extended Mathematical Programming Framework
      Regional Energy Markets

      Implementing Alternative Pricing Policies in Economic Equilibrium Models Using the Extended Mathematical Programming Framework

      Bertrand Rioux, Abdullah AlJarboua, Frederic Murphy, Axel Pierru

      Standard economic optimization models represent markets in perfect competition. They are commonly used, though they may not accurately represent real-world policies and regulations. Equilibrium models built using a mixed complementarity problem (MCP) approach are capable of simulating more flexible pricing…

      Bertrand Rioux Rioux, Bertrand
      Abdullah AlJarboua AlJarboua, Abdullah
      Frederic Murphy Murphy, Frederic
      Axel Pierru Pierru, Axel
      12th March 2020
      Policy and Economic Frameworks to Deepen Sino-Saudi Cooperation
      Regional Energy Markets

      Policy and Economic Frameworks to Deepen Sino-Saudi Cooperation

      The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has expanded from 65 original member states during its official launch in 2015 to 131 as of April 2019. The countries of the Middle East and North Africa have generally welcomed the initiative and…

      9th March 2020
      China’s Energy Investment Through the Lens of the Belt and Road Initiative
      Regional Energy Markets

      China’s Energy Investment Through the Lens of the Belt and Road Initiative

      Philipp Galkin, Dongmei Chen, Junyuang Ke

      The Chinese government launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 as a vision to promote growth and cooperation among the economies of Asia and Europe. Over the five years since its inception, the BRI has expanded in both…

      Philipp Galkin Galkin, Philipp
      Dongmei Chen Chen, Dongmei
      Junyuang Ke Ke, Junyuang
      12th January 2020
      The Geopolitics of the Energy Transition
      Regional Energy Markets

      The Geopolitics of the Energy Transition

      Starting in 2017, KAPSARC and the Clingendael International Energy Program (CIEP) have convened a series of workshops on the Role of Oil in the Low Carbon Energy Transition. This workshop held on April 25th, 2019 took place in Hus Clingendael,…

      24th November 2019