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      Phantom Oil Movements: An Investigation into Opaque Ship- to-Ship Operations and Their Role in Sanction Evasion

      Phantom Oil Movements: An Investigation into Opaque Ship- to-Ship Operations and Their Role in Sanction Evasion

      Majed A. Al Suwailem, Philipp Galkin, Fahad Alyahya

      The transportation and distribution of large volumes of oil, gas, and refined products over long distances are enabled primarily by marine shipping. Transborder pipelines serve as an additional method for transporting oil and gas. However, these pipelines are typically more…

      Majed A. Al Suwailem Al Suwailem, Majed A.
      Philipp Galkin Galkin, Philipp
      Fahad Alyahya Alyahya, Fahad
      02 December 2024